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为协调冬小麦个体与群体间的关系,充分发挥旱作条件下垄沟栽培优势,以冬小麦品种小偃22为材料,采用二元二次正交旋转组合设计,通过田间试验研究了垄下集中施肥、垄上覆膜、膜际种植模式下播种量和施氮量对冬小麦花后生理性状的影响.结果表明:花后叶面积指数、旗叶叶绿素含量和净光合速率均随施氮量的增加而增加.灌浆前中期叶面积指数随播种量的增加呈先增后稳的趋势;灌浆后期叶面积指数随播种量的增加而降低.随播种量的增加,旗叶的叶绿素含量和净光合速率降低,单株产量呈先减少后增加的趋势.适宜的播种量可以协调个体与群体间的矛盾,而适量增施氮肥有利于花后小麦生理性状的改善和产量的提高.在供试条件下,小偃22在播种量112.5 kg.hm-2与施氮量180～222 kg N.hm-2配置时,个体与群体的关系比较协调,花后叶面积指数较高,群体结构适宜,而且旗叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率和单茎产量较高,能获得高产.
In order to coordinate the relationship between individual and population of winter wheat and to give full play to the advantages of furrow cultivation under dry cultivation conditions, the binary orthogonal rotation combination design was used for the winter wheat cultivar Xiaoyan 22. Through field experiments, The effects of seeding rate and nitrogen application rate on the post-anthesis physiological traits of winter wheat under plastic film mulching, plastic film mulching and plastic film mulching. The results showed that leaf area index, flag leaf chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate both increased Increased with the increase of seeding rate.The leaf area index decreased with the increase of seeding rate at the later filling stage.The chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves decreased with the increase of seeding rate , The yield per plant decreased first and then increased.The suitable sowing amount could coordinate the contradiction between individual and group, while the moderate increase of nitrogen fertilizer was beneficial to the improvement of physiological characters and yield of post-flowering wheat.Under the test conditions, When Xiaoyan 22 was planted with 112.5 kg.hm-2 of seeding rate and 180 ~ 222 kg of N.hm-2 of nitrogen application rate, the relationship between individuals and colony was more harmonious, the leaf area index was higher and the population structure was suitable, Leaf chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and single stem yield higher, can get high yield.