目前国内普遍存在将西方的feudal、feudalism与中文的“封建”对译,实属不妥。最初的汉学者和中国学者(包括严复在内)并不这样做,严复译feudalism为“拂特制”。20世纪受西方古典进化论的影响,西方的feudalism被抽象化,西欧成为解读中国和世界的模式。严复最先将feudalism与“封建”对译,从此,西欧和中国有了相同的“封建社会”。本文从学术史,特别是从概念分析和理论分析两方面,阐明西欧feudalism是欧洲历史发展的产物,只属于欧洲。中国的先秦是封建制,而且唯其符合中文“封建”之本义。秦代以降属皇权专制制度。它们是三个不同的概念,谁也不能涵盖谁。就中西中古社会而言,则属于前近代时期不同的社会形态,不应贴上同一个标签。 At present, there is a widespread problem that it is wrong to translate feudal and feudalism in the West and Chinese feudalism in translation. The original sinologists and Chinese scholars (including Yan Fu) did not do so, and Yan Fu translated feudalism as “whisk”. In the 20th century, influenced by Western classical evolutionism, the Western feudalism was abstracted and Western Europe became the model for interpreting China and the world. Yan Fu first feudalism and “feudal ” on the translation, since then, Western Europe and China have the same “feudal society ”. This article elucidates that feudalism in Western Europe is the product of the historical development of Europe and only belongs to Europe from the academic history, especially from the conceptual analysis and theoretical analysis. Pre-Qin in China is a feudal system, but only in line with its Chinese “feudal” original meaning. In the Qin Dynasty, the imperialist autocratic system was reduced. They are three different concepts, no one can cover who. As far as the Western and Middle Eastern societies are concerned, they belonged to different social forms in the pre-modern era and should not be labeled the same.