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为给冬小麦提供“更合理、更节约、更高效”的水肥运筹技术方案,以’豫教5号’为试验材料,采用三因素裂区方法研究了不同灌水次数和施氮处理对小麦叶面积指数和产量的影响。结果表明,灌水次数、施氮量以及基追比例分别对小麦叶面积指数、产量及构成因素有显著影响。在W1(底墒水)处理下叶面积指数与施氮量均呈线性正相关关系;在W2(底墒水+拔节水)、W3(底墒水+拔节水+灌浆水)处理条件下,拔节期、孕穗期、抽穗期的叶面积指数与施氮量呈线性正相关关系,抽穗后20天与施氮量则呈二次曲线关系,且以N3R2为最大值。在不同灌水次数条件下,产量、穗数、穗粒数与施氮量呈二次曲线关系,千粒重随施氮量的增加呈线性下降趋势。在灌溉底墒水+拔节水+灌浆水、施氮量为240 kg/hm2及基追肥5:5处理组合下实现了水肥的高效配合,产量、穗数、穗粒数分别为8 609.60、688.2×104/hm2、37.9粒,其中产量比对照W1N0(3 517.5 kg/hm2)增产144.8%。由此可知,在小麦生长后期降雨量偏少的黄淮豫东地区,小麦生产中灌溉水的节约空间相对较小,氮肥的节约空间则相对较大。
In order to provide “more reasonable, more economical and more efficient” water and fertilizer operation plan for winter wheat, “Yujiao No.5” was used as experimental material and three factors split method was used to study the effect of different irrigation times and nitrogen fertilizer treatments on wheat Leaf area index and yield. The results showed that irrigation frequency, nitrogen application rate and basal-topdressing ratio had significant effects on leaf area index, yield and composition of wheat. There was a linear positive correlation between leaf area index and nitrogen application rate under W1 (water pre-soil water) treatment. Under W2 (combined water + jointing water) and W3 (combined water + jointing water + grouting water) There was a linear positive correlation between leaf area index and nitrogen application rate at booting stage and heading stage. In 20 days after heading, nitrogen application rate was quadratic curve with maximum N3R2. Under different irrigation times, the yield, the number of spikes, the number of grains per spike and the nitrogen application showed a quadratic curve, and the grain weight tended to decrease linearly with the increase of nitrogen application. The combination of water and fertilizer under the conditions of irrigation water with soil water + jointing water + grouting water, nitrogen application rate of 240 kg / hm2 and basal dressing and top dressing were 5: 5. The yield, the number of spikes and the number of grains per spike were 8 609.60 and 688.2 × 104 / hm2, 37.9 seeds, and the yield of which was 144.8% more than the control W1N0 (3 517.5 kg / hm2). It can be seen that in the area of Huanghuai and Yudong where the rainfall is small in the late stage of wheat growth, the irrigation water saving space in wheat production is relatively small, and the nitrogen fertilizer space is relatively large.