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从1890年美国国会通过《谢尔曼法》开始,美国的反垄断政策已有了百余年的历史,留下了一系列具有里程碑性质的法庭判例。在各个不同的历史时期,受当时的宏观经济环境、政府经济哲学以及经济理论界观点的影响,美国的反垄断政策及执法经历了严厉和宽松相间的发展过程,这突出反映为条文分析法和理性分析法交替成为法庭在反垄断诉讼中的主导裁定方法。进入20世纪90年代以后,在芝加哥学派及其后续学说的推动下,美国的反垄断政策及法庭裁定方法又出现了一系列的新变化。
Since the U.S. Congress passed the Sherman Act in 1890, the U.S. antitrust policy has existed for over a hundred years, leaving a series of landmark court precedents. At different historical periods, the anti-monopoly policy and law enforcement in the United States experienced a severe and loose development process under the prevailing macroeconomic conditions, the government’s economic philosophy and the views of the economic theorists. This is mainly reflected in the statute analysis and The rational analysis method turns into the court’s dominant decision method in antitrust litigation alternately. Since the 1990s, driven by the Chicago School and its follow-up doctrine, there have been a series of new changes in the U.S. antitrust policies and court ruling methods.