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肝细胞癌(简称肝癌)起病隐匿,进展迅速,容易复发和转移.较长一段时间以来,传统的治疗手段难以进一步提高肝癌病人的预后,而免疫治疗被认为是最有希望解决这一难题的新型疗法.免疫检查点是肿瘤免疫逃逸的主要机制之一.其中,PD-1/PD-L1是抗肿瘤免疫治疗的重要靶点.近年来,基于PD-1/PD-L1信号通路的免疫疗法在实体肿瘤或血液系统恶性肿瘤中显示出令人振奋的抗肿瘤作用.本文对PD-1/PD-L1在肝癌治疗中的相关研究进行综述,探讨PD-1/PD-L1阻断在肝癌治疗中的应用前景.“,”Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a malignancy with insidious onset, rapid progress, high recurrence and metastasis rate.Traditional treatment is difficult to further improve the prognosis of patients with HCC for a long time, and immunotherapy is considered to be the most promising therapeutic approach to solve this problem.Immune checkpoint is one of the main mechanisms of tumor immune evasion.PD-1/PD-L1 is an important target for anti-tumor immunotherapy among these checkpoints.Recently, agents targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway were shown to display impressive antitumor activity in various solid or hematological malignancies.In this review we summarize the relative studies on HCC and discuss the potential of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in HCC therapy.