目的:了解云南省男女性绝育手术对象术后1年情况。方法:采用问卷调查方式,调查内容包括手术对象对避孕措施的知晓情况、术后身体状况、身体不适出现的时间、对身体不适的处理及不适的转归等。结果:共有13 500例手术对象接受了调查,其中女性10 000例,男性3 500例。结果显示,术后不适多出现于术后3～12个月,部位以腹部、腰部为主;部分不适与手术无明显关系;有6.4%在术后不适出现时会主动到计划生育服务机构寻求帮助。结论:计划生育工作者应主动展开术前咨询指导工作,使受术者真正做到对避孕节育方法及其副作用的知情;绝育术后不适呈多部位表现,不适主要于术后3个月～12个月间出现,故此时期为术后随访的重要时期;提高计划生育服务咨询技巧及定期随访意识,有助于提高绝育手术的有效性。 Objective: To understand the situation of male and female sterilization in Yunnan Province one year after surgery. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted. The contents of the survey include the awareness of the contraceptive measures, the postoperative physical condition, the time of physical discomfort, the treatment of discomfort and the outcome of discomfort. Results: A total of 13 500 surgical subjects were surveyed, of whom 10 000 were women and 3 500 were men. The results showed that postoperative discomfort occurred more than 3 to 12 months after surgery, the site of the abdomen, waist-based; partial discomfort and surgery no significant relationship; 6.4% in the postoperative discomfort will take the initiative to family planning services to seek help. Conclusion: Family planning workers should take the initiative to preoperative counseling and guidance to enable the practitioner to truly understand the contraceptive methods and side effects; discomfort after sterilization showed a multi-site performance, discomfort mainly in 3 months ~ 12 months, so this period is an important period of postoperative follow-up; improve family planning counseling skills and regular follow-up awareness, help to improve the effectiveness of sterilization.