监测、干预和研究是公共卫生三项基本活动,而监测则又是现代公共卫生活动的基石。作为公共卫生干预和研究的信息或情报系统,疾病监测在公共卫生实践中具有不可或缺的重要功能:可以侦测暴发,为突发公共健康事件的及时应对处置做出预警;通过监测,可以测量特定的人群健康问题或危害的重性,以支持资源分配政策和干预(服务)或项目建立和调整;通过监测,可以观测疾病负担变化趋势,这是评估疾 Surveillance, intervention and research are three basic public health activities, and monitoring is the cornerstone of modern public health activities. As an information or intelligence system for public health interventions and research, disease surveillance plays an integral and essential role in public health practice: it can detect outbreaks and provide early warning of timely responses to public health emergencies; through monitoring, Measuring the health of a particular population or the severity of a hazard in support of resource allocation policies and interventions (services) or project establishment and adjustment; Monitoring allows one to observe trends in the burden of disease as a