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目的探讨黑龙江口岸蜱类携带病原体情况,为有效开展蜱传疾病的监测和预防控制工作提供科学依据。方法2012—2014年在黑龙江12个口岸采用人工布旗法采集游离蜱,在口岸附近地区,随机抽取一定数量家畜(牛、羊、犬)从其体表采集寄生蜱。将采集的蜱进行病原体的分类鉴定,用以监测黑龙江口岸的蜱类分布情况。结果 2012—2014年,在黑龙江共采集4 802只蜱虫样本,检测695份,共检出立克次体、蜱传脑炎病毒、贝纳柯克斯体、巴尔通体、巴贝西原虫5种病原体,其中立克次体广泛存在于黑龙江的12个口岸地区,是黑龙江口岸优势蜱传病原体,其次依次为蜱传脑炎病毒、贝纳柯克斯体、巴尔通体、巴贝西原虫,未检测到伯氏疏螺旋体。其中,全沟硬蜱检测出立克次体、蜱传脑炎病毒、贝纳柯克斯体、巴贝西虫和巴尔通体;森林革蜱检测出立克次体、蜱传脑炎病毒、贝纳柯克斯体和巴尔通体;嗜群血蜱检测出立克次体、贝纳柯克斯体和蜱传脑炎病毒;日本血蜱检测出立克次体。结论黑龙江口岸地区蜱传病原体种类多,开展蜱传疾病的防治工作刻不容缓。
Objective To investigate the status of tick-borne pathogens in the port of Heilongjiang Province and provide a scientific basis for the effective monitoring, prevention and control of tick-borne diseases. Methods In 2012 and 2014, free ticks were collected by artificial cloth-flagging method at 12 ports of Heilongjiang Province. A certain amount of livestock (cattle, sheep and dogs) were randomly sampled from their body surface to collect parasitic ticks in the vicinity of the port. Ticks collected for pathogen identification, to monitor the distribution of ticks in Heilongjiang Port. Results A total of 4 802 ticks were collected in Heilongjiang Province from 2012 to 2014, and 695 samples were detected. Rickettsia, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Beacons, Bartonella, Among them, Rickettsia is widely distributed in 12 ports of Heilongjiang and is the predominant tick-borne pathogen in Heilongjiang Port, followed by tick-borne encephalitis virus, Benecox, Bartonella, Borrelia burgdorferi was not detected. Among them, Rickettsia tomentosa, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Beneckechys, Babesia, and Bartonella were detected in Ixodes niloticus. Rickettsia rickettsi, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Bemisiakus and Bartonella; Rickettsia, Benecox and tick-borne encephalitis viruses were detected in the blood group of the swollen bloods; Rickettsia japonica was detected in the blood smear of Japanese blood flies. Conclusion There are many kinds of tick-borne pathogens in the Heilongjiang Port area, and prevention and control of tick-borne diseases is urgent.