“初则学商战于外人,继则与外人商战”。①这是郑观应对自己一生传奇式经历的高度宏观的如实概括。其实,表现在具体行动过程中,有更为“奇”的事。例如,在1870年代到1880年前后,郑观应一方面在太古洋行当买办,并从一般买办上升到总买办的高位,另一方面,他在这同一时间过程中,写 “At the beginning of business war on foreigners, followed by the war with outsiders.” ① This is a highly macroscopic overview of Zheng Guan’s own legendary experience. Actually, there is something more “odd” in the course of concrete actions. For example, during the 1870s and 1880s, Zheng Guanying, on the one hand, worked as a comprador on Swire Pacific and rose from a general comprador to a chief executive on the other. At the same time, he wrote