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简要描述联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会和国际放射防护委员会的现行政策和国际原子能机构如何将这些政策转化为国际辐射安全标准。国际原子能机构是包括各种国际机构的联合国大家庭中唯一的一个既有合法授权制定这类标准,又能提供其应用的全球性组织。本文还综述了已制定的这类标准的现状和可预见的变革,以及世界各国受法律约束的与这些标准相关的承诺。此外,本文还评述了与这些国际标准的应用有关的现在普遍存在的一些主要问题,包括下面的一些问题:加强国家辐射安全基础结构,包括援助发展中国家的技术合作计划;职业辐射安全挑战,包括怀孕工作人员及其胎儿的防护,解决具有高天然辐射水平的工作环境问题,以及健康效应的职业归因性问题(职业诱因的可能性);限制放射性物质向环境的排放;评述对日益高涨的“环境”辐射防护关注的现行国际政策;采用放射诊断与治疗程序的患者的辐射防护:当前的国际行动计划;辐射源的安全和保卫:9.11以后的发展;辐射应急与响应:加强国际网络;放射性物质的安全运输:新的忧虑;放射性废物管理安全:对辐射防护的关注和联系;人类活动终止后放射性残留物问题:辐射防护对面临的含放射性物质设施退役高潮所做出的反应。本文的最终目的是鼓励在专业辐射防护大家庭中加强信息交流、合作与协作。尤其是,本文试图推进增长中的国际辐射安全体制的落实,包括各国受法律约束的承诺的扩展,加强现在的国际辐射安全标准的条款,为保证这些标准在世界范围内得到正确应用而建立合适的国际环境,例如建立同行评估的国际评价体系。
Briefly describe the current policies of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation and the International Commission on Radiological Protection and how the International Atomic Energy Agency has translated those policies into international standards for radiation safety. The IAEA is the only one in the UN family of nations that includes a variety of international agencies that has both the legal authority to develop such standards and their applications. It also summarizes the current status and foreseeable changes in such standards that have been developed, as well as the legally binding commitments of those standards in all countries of the world. In addition, the paper reviews some of the major issues that are now common to the application of these international standards, including the following: strengthening the national infrastructure for radiation safety, including technical cooperation programs for developing countries; occupational radiation safety challenges, Including the protection of pregnant workers and their unborn children, working environment issues with high levels of natural radiation, and occupational attribution of health effects (possibility of occupational incentives); limiting emissions of radioactive material to the environment; comments on the growing Radiation Protection and Radiation Protection: Radiation Protection of Patients in Radiation Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures: Current International Plan of Action; Safety and Security of Radiation Sources: Post-September 11 Radiation Emergencies and Response: Strengthening of the International Network ; Safe transport of radioactive material: new worries; safety of radioactive waste management: concerns and linkages with radiation protection; radioactive residues after human activities have ceased: the response of radiation protection to the face of the decommissioning of radioactive material-containing facilities facing the climax. The ultimate goal of this article is to encourage greater exchange of information, cooperation and collaboration in the professional radiation protection community. In particular, this article seeks to promote the implementation of the growing international system of radiation safety, including the expansion of the legally binding commitments of all countries, the strengthening of the current international standards for radiation safety and the establishment of appropriate international standards for their safe use worldwide International environment, such as establishing an international evaluation system for peer review.