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目的探讨免疫预防对阻断乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播的效果。方法以1 929例HBs Ag阳性产妇及其分娩的8~12月龄婴儿为研究对象。了解其乙肝母婴传播阻断措施实施情况,同时对产妇所生婴儿抽血,检测乙肝标志物。结果共调查HBs Ag阳性产妇及婴儿1 929对,婴儿出生12个月时HBs Ag阳性率为0.93%,阻断成功率为99.07%;HBs Ab阳性率63.09%。乙肝大三阳和小三阳产妇所生婴儿HBs Ag阳性率分别为1.64%和0.49%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.900,P=0.027)。不同民族、文化程度、分娩方式、产科操作、会阴裂伤程度的产妇所生婴儿HBs Ag阳性率差异均无统计学意义,不同喂养方式的婴儿HBs Ag阳性率差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论提示乙肝疫苗联合乙肝免疫球蛋白能有效降低乙肝病毒母婴传播的风险。
Objective To investigate the effect of immunoprophylaxis on blocking the mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus. Methods A total of 1 929 HBsAg-positive mothers and their 8 to 12-month-old infants were selected as study subjects. To understand the implementation of the blockade of maternal and child transmission of hepatitis B, while drawing blood from mothers born of maternal, detection of hepatitis B markers. Results A total of 1 929 HBsAg-positive mothers and infants were investigated. The positive rate of HBs Ag was 0.93% at 12 months of birth and the success rate of blocking was 99.07%. The positive rate of HBsAb was 63.09%. The positive rates of HBsAg in infants born to HBeAg and HBeAg were 1.64% and 0.49%, respectively, with significant difference (χ2 = 4.900, P = 0.027). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of HBs Ag among infants born to different ethnic groups, educational level, mode of delivery, obstetric operation, and perineal laceration, and there was no significant difference in the positive rate of HBsAg among infants of different feeding groups (P> 0.05). Conclusions suggest that hepatitis B vaccine combined with hepatitis B immunoglobulin can effectively reduce the risk of hepatitis B virus transmission.