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目的通过对重庆市街头小吃、流动摊点等的早餐中食源性致病菌的调查分析,了解重庆市流动早餐的卫生状况,发现食品安全隐患。方法 2013和2015年在重庆市按照随机抽样的原则,选择渝中区等16个区县采集1 051份散装未经过较高温度处理后的流动早餐(包括政府指定的正规流动早餐点(早餐车)和无证流动早餐点),按照国家标准GB 4789-2010,GB 4789.14-2014和GB/T 4789-2003/对沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌和致泻大肠埃希菌进行检测。结果 2013年共采集样品300件,检出致病菌10株,其中金黄色葡萄球菌9株,致泻大肠埃希菌1株,沙门菌未检出。快餐店食堂采集的样品中金黄色葡萄球菌检出率为3.00%。粥及米面制品中的金黄色葡萄球菌和中式凉拌菜中致泻大肠埃希菌检出率为分别为4.21%和2.94%。2015年共采集样品751件,检出致病菌62株,金黄色葡萄球菌24株,沙门菌1株,蜡样芽孢杆菌37株,单增李斯特菌未检出。超市零售店样品的致病菌检出率最高,达到15.38%,主要污染菌金黄色葡萄球菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌。粥及米面制品中除单增李斯特菌未检出,其余3类食源性致病菌均有检出,总体检出率为8.32%。结论重庆市流动早餐中存在食源性致病菌污染,其中粥及米面制品的金黄色葡萄球菌和蜡样芽胞杆菌污染比较突出,应采取相应措施,防止食物中毒的发生。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of food-borne pathogens in street snacks, mobile stalls and other food in Chongqing to understand the health status of mobile breakfast in Chongqing and find out the hidden dangers of food safety. Methods In 2013 and 2015, randomly selected samples were collected from 16 districts and counties in Yuzhong District in Chongqing Municipality to collect 1,051 mobile breakfasts (including the regular breakfast designated by the government) And undocumented mobile breakfast), in accordance with national standards GB 4789-2010, GB 4789.14-2014 and GB / T 4789-2003 / against Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Diarrhea Escherichia coli for testing. Results In 2013, a total of 300 samples were collected and 10 pathogens were detected, including 9 Staphylococcus aureus and 1 diarrhea-causing Escherichia coli. Salmonella was not detected. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in samples collected from fast food restaurants canteens at 3.00%. The detection rates of diarrheal Escherichia coli in Staphylococcus aureus and Chinese salad in porridge and rice products were 4.21% and 2.94% respectively. In 2015, a total of 751 samples were collected, of which 62 were pathogenic bacteria, 24 were Staphylococcus aureus, 1 were Salmonella and 37 were Bacillus cereus. Listeria monocytogenes was not detected. The highest detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in supermarket retail stores was 15.38%, the main pollutants were Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. In addition to the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in porridge and rice products, the remaining three types of foodborne pathogens were detected, the overall detection rate was 8.32%. Conclusion There is food-borne pathogens contamination in mobile breakfast in Chongqing. Among them, the contamination of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus in porridge and rice products is prominent. Corresponding measures should be taken to prevent the occurrence of food poisoning.