宗族在社会转型中究竟扮演着什么样的角色,这是社会史和社会学研究中较有争议的问题。本文以历史上宗族统治较为顽固的徽州祁门历溪、环砂和六都三村为例,通过实地调查,结合文献记载,对三村宗族在新中国建立后几次社会转型中的地位及其作用,进行了初步的探讨。指出:在社会转型中,宗族或明或暗地存在着,扮演着中性的角色,并影响着人们的精神生活,但对较为敏感的农村村治问题,事实上并未造成太大的威胁与冲击。社会的权威既不是来自村长,也不是宗族的族长,而是来自于村庄或本族在外工作的知名人士。 What kind of role does the clan actually play in the social transformation? This is a more controversial issue in the study of social history and sociology. This paper takes Liuxi, Xisha and Xindu village, Qimen, Huizhou, which are more stubbornly clan in history, as an example. Through field investigation and literature review, this paper analyzes the status and role of the clans of the Three Villages in several social transitions after the founding of New China , Conducted a preliminary discussion. It points out that in the process of social transformation, clans exist either explicitly or implicitly, playing a neutral role and affecting people’s spiritual life. However, the issue of the more sensitive village governance in rural areas has not in fact posed much threat With the impact. The authority of society is neither the village chief nor the patriarch of the clans, but the eminent persons who come from outside the village or from their own country.