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目的:了解四川省乐山市4~9岁儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)患病状况及影响因素,为儿童ADHD防治提供科学依据。方法:采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,在乐山市区随机抽取1 400例儿童进行调查。调查问卷由一般情况表和注意缺陷及多动症状调查表组成。采用SPSS 16.0软件进行数据分析。结果:1 400例调查儿童中共有ADHD患儿60例,ADHD患病率为4.29%(60/1400)。男、女儿童ADHD患病率分别为5.79%(42/726)、2.67%(18/674),男童高于女童(χ2=8.27,P<0.01)。4~5岁、5~6岁、6~7岁年龄段儿童ADHD总体患病率分别为8.23%、3.13%和2.31%,随着年龄的增长呈现逐渐降低的趋势(χ2=8.27,P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,家族史、父母文化程度、母亲妊娠期患病、早产、新生儿窒息是儿童ADHD患病的危险因素。结论:调查地区儿童ADHD患病水平较高,应根据患病特征和危险因素进行有针对性的健康教育和综合干预。
Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children aged 4 ~ 9 in Leshan, Sichuan Province, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of ADHD in children. Methods: A multistage stratified stratified random cluster sampling method was used to survey 1 400 children randomly from downtown Leshan. The questionnaire consisted of a general condition questionnaire and attention deficit and hyperactivity symptom questionnaire. Using SPSS 16.0 software for data analysis. Results: There were 60 children with ADHD in 1400 cases and the prevalence of ADHD was 4.29% (60/1400). The prevalence rates of ADHD in boys and girls were 5.79% (42/726) and 2.67% (18/674), respectively, and boys were higher than girls (χ2 = 8.27, P <0.01). The overall prevalence rates of ADHD in children aged 4-5 years, 5-6 years and 6-7 years were 8.23%, 3.13% and 2.31%, respectively, showing a gradually decreasing trend with age (χ2 = 8.27, P < 0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that family history, parents’ educational level, mother’s disease during pregnancy, premature birth and neonatal asphyxia were the risk factors of ADHD in children. Conclusion: The prevalence of ADHD in children in the survey area is high, and targeted health education and comprehensive intervention should be based on the prevalence and risk factors.