用ＧＰＳ建立隧道施工控制网，垂线偏差将对贯通误差产生影响。对于隧道两端均有ＧＰＳ定向边的情况，当定向边两个端点的高程基本相等时，垂线偏差对横向贯通误差的影响基本被消除，要求定向边的高度角应小于３°；而对于斜井洞口外有定向边的情况，则当斜井直伸且坡度均匀、洞口定向边两端点基本等高时，垂线偏差对横向的影响基本被消除。 The establishment of tunnel construction control network with GPS, vertical deviation will have an impact on through error. For the case that both sides of the tunnel have GPS directional edges, the influence of the vertical deviation on the horizontal penetration error is basically eliminated when the elevation of the two ends of the directional side is substantially equal, and the required height of the directional side should be less than 3 °. When the inclined shaft extends straight and the slope is even, the influence of the vertical deviation on the horizontal direction is basically eliminated.