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为探究治理平原水库周边盐渍化问题的措施,以恰拉水库为例,在非饱和土力学理论的基础上,利用ABAQUS有限元软件分别模拟水库完善防渗体系前后坝体坝基的稳定渗流形态,获得了大坝下游的地下水埋藏深度,并将其与地下水临界深度进行对比,以确定土壤盐渍化的范围。结果表明,水库改建前,防渗体系较差,坝后地下水位很高,水库下游土壤盐渍化的范围距大坝2 290m处;水库改建后,完善了坝体坝基的防渗体系,坝后地下水位有所降低,水库下游土壤盐渍化的范围距大坝1 350m处。可见改善水库防渗体系对降低坝后地下水位、减小盐渍化范围的效果明显,可作为防治平原水库周边土壤盐渍化问题的措施。
In order to explore the measures to control the salinization problem around the plain reservoirs, taking the Cala Reservoir as an example, based on the unsaturated soil mechanics theory, the ABAQUS finite element software was used to simulate the steady seepage patterns of the dam foundation before and after the completion of the seepage control system , The depth of groundwater burial downstream of the dam was obtained and compared with the critical depth of groundwater to determine the extent of soil salinization. The results show that the seepage control system is poor before the reservoir reconstruction, and the groundwater level behind the dam is very high. The range of soil salinization downstream of the reservoir is 2 290m away from the dam. After the reservoir is rebuilt, the seepage control system of the dam foundation is improved, After the groundwater level decreased, the scope of the soil salinization of the reservoir downstream from the dam 1 350m Department. It can be seen that improving the seepage control system of reservoirs has obvious effect of reducing the underground water level behind the dam and reducing the salinization range, and can be used as a measure to prevent and control soil salinization around the plain reservoirs.