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目的调查西安市结核病的分枝杆菌菌种类型及其分布。方法采用抽样调查方法收集结核病患者的痰标本及其背景资料,用痰涂片、痰培养以及PCR方法检测,用鉴别培养基对分离菌株进行菌种鉴定。结果共收集574例拟诊结核病病例,实验室检测1602份痰标本。采用痰涂片、痰培养和PCR3种方法联合应用,阳性者260例,分枝杆菌检测阳性率45.30。137例分枝杆菌培养阳性者中,结核分枝杆菌复合体占73.72,其中结核分枝杆菌和牛分枝杆菌分别为67.88和5.84;11.68为非结核分枝杆菌,14.60为混合感染,其中11.68为结核分枝杆菌与牛分枝杆菌,2.92为结核分枝杆菌与非结核分枝杆菌混合感染。结论西安市结核病的致病菌复杂,包括结核分枝杆菌、牛分枝杆菌和非结核分枝杆菌,尤其是非结核分枝杆菌混合感染应予以高度重视。
Objective To investigate the types and distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Xi’an. Methods The sputum samples of TB patients and their background data were collected by sampling method. The sputum samples, sputum culture and PCR methods were used to detect the sputum samples. The isolates were identified by the identification medium. Results A total of 574 cases of tuberculosis were collected and 1602 sputum samples were detected in the laboratory. Using sputum smear, sputum culture and PCR 3 kinds of methods were used in combination, 260 were positive, the positive rate of mycobacteria detection was 45.30.137 Mycobacterium culture positive, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex accounted for 73.72, of which tuberculosis branch Mycobacterium and Mycobacterium bovis were 67.88 and 5.84 respectively; 11.68 was non-tuberculous mycobacterium and 14.60 was mixed infection, of which 11.68 was Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis, 2.92 was Mycobacterium tuberculosis mixed with non-tuberculous mycobacterium infection. Conclusion The pathogenic bacteria of tuberculosis in Xi’an are complex, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis and non-tuberculous mycobacterium, especially the non-tuberculous mycobacterium infection should be highly valued.