一、国有企业当前面临困境的原因何在? 当前国有企业面临困境的原因主要有两条:第一是产业结构问题,第二是利税负担过重。改革前的中国经济,备战特征十分明显。这不仅体现在庞大的军王制造业上,而且体现在民用工业分散布点和重复建设上。例如每个县都要有一个小化肥厂、小农机厂等筹。因此,当党的工作重点转移到经济工作主战场的时候,不仅仅是军工部门需要“军转民”,整个国民经济体制都有一个“军转民”的任务。但是,由于改革以后中央过分强调发挥地方的积极性,在产业布局上缺乏协调能力,各地争上税高利大的产品,重复布点,低水平过度竞争的情况反而更严重了。现在处于困境的国有企 I. What are the reasons for the current state-owned enterprises’ difficulties? At present, there are two main reasons why state-owned enterprises are facing difficulties: The first is the problem of industrial structure, and the second is the excessive burden of profits and taxes. The characteristics of China’s pre-reform China economy are very obvious. This is not only reflected in the huge manufacturing of military kings, but also reflected in the scattered distribution and repeated construction of civilian industries. For example, each county must have a small chemical fertilizer plant, a small farm machinery factory and other funds. Therefore, when the focus of the party’s work shifts to the main battlefield of economic work, not only the military sector needs to “turn the army to the people”, but the entire national economic system has a task of “turning troops into people”. However, due to the central government’s excessive emphasis on local enthusiasm after the reform and the lack of coordination in the industrial layout, the situation of high-tax high-profit products, repeated distribution, and low level of excessive competition has become more serious. The state-owned enterprises now in trouble