自从量子力学表明我们无法按照因果决定论的要求来描述微观现象之后,浑沌学或复杂大系统理论又明确提出了我们这个世界的内禀随机特征。然而,如果把自然界本身的这种非确定性与由人的行为构建成的社会经济系统相比,恐怕就算不得什么了。长期以来,经济学家们为了防范金融风险、 Since quantum mechanics shows that we can not describe microscopic phenomena in terms of the determinants of causality, chaos theory or complex large-system theory explicitly states the inherently stochastic nature of our world. However, if this non-determinism of nature itself is compared with the socio-economic system built up by human behavior, I am afraid nothing will happen. For a long time, economists in order to prevent financial risks,