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目的探讨新生儿水痘的临床表现、诊断及预后。方法对湖南省儿童医院2010年1月1日-2011年12月31日住院的新生儿水痘病例14例进行回顾性分析。结果 14例均有明确的接触史,典型的皮疹,发热。11例治愈出院,3例因放弃治疗后死亡,病死率为21.43%。14例患儿中,9例为先天性水痘,均合并有并发症(9/9),其中2例死亡;5例获得性水痘患者中仅3例合并并发症(3/5),死亡1例。12例并发症的情况为:4例并发皮肤感染,7例并发水痘肺炎,1例并发水痘脑炎,2例需要呼吸机呼吸支持。结论新生儿水痘的病死率较高,特别是合并并发症者,并发症对预后的影响大,先天性水痘较获得性水痘患者更易发生并发症,病死率高。新生儿水痘重在预防,避免并发症,提高治愈好转率。
Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and prognosis of newborn chickenpox. Methods A retrospective analysis of 14 cases of neonatal chickenpox in Hunan Children’s Hospital from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2011 was performed. Results All 14 patients had a clear history of exposure, a typical rash and fever. Eleven patients were cured and discharged, and three patients died after giving up treatment. The case fatality rate was 21.43%. Among the 14 children, 9 were congenital chickenpox with complications (9/9), of which 2 died. Only 3 of 5 patients with acquired chickenpox had complication (3/5) and 1 died example. 12 cases of complications were: 4 cases of skin infections, 7 cases of chickenpox pneumonia, 1 case of concurrent chickenpox encephalitis, respiratory ventilation in 2 cases need support. Conclusions The mortality rate of chickenpox in neonates is high, especially those with complications. The complication has a great impact on the prognosis. Congenital chickenpox is more likely to have complication than the acquired chickenpox and the case fatality rate is high. Newborn chickenpox in prevention, avoid complications and improve the cure rate.