目的探讨细针穿刺涂片检查对甲状腺功能亢进症病因鉴别的意义。方法对284例甲状腺功能亢进患者行细针穿刺吸取样本涂片细胞学检查。结果284例甲状腺功能亢进患者中,毒性甲状腺肿168例,毒性腺瘤2例,慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎87例,亚急性甲状腺炎18例,滤泡性腺癌2例,病因不明7例。结论细针穿刺涂片细胞学检查对甲状腺功能亢进症病因鉴别有重要意义。 Objective To investigate the significance of fine needle aspiration biopsy on the etiology of hyperthyroidism. Methods 284 cases of hyperthyroidism patients through fine needle aspiration smear cytology. Results Among the 284 hyperthyroid patients, 168 were toxic goiter, 2 were toxic adenoma, 87 were chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, 18 were subacute thyroiditis, 2 were follicular adenocarcinoma and 7 were unknown. Conclusion Fine needle aspiration biopsy cytological examination of hyperthyroidism is of great significance.