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中药单、复方中原药材处方剂量庞大,每剂处方服用量常为几十克以至几百克,所以必须进行浸提,其提取方法是采用单味提取还是采用混合提取?提取精制物到纯还是采用总提取物?应根据药材性质、处方的剂型而定。如丸剂中药材可以不提取或粗提即可,但注射剂必须精提。传统中药方剂煎煮时中药材有先煎、后下、包煎、另煎、烊化、冲服等方法,我们在采用提取方法必须注意并考虑这些合理提取方法、中成药单、复方用浸提方法制得的制剂,必须具有处方中药材浸出成分的综合疗效。提取与精制的目的,是提取中药材中的有效成分,同时将无效或有毒物质分离,以确保用药安全、有效和贮存期间的稳定。提取用的溶媒一般为水与乙醇,根据有效成分的性质,有时亦可用酸性水、酸性醇、碱性水或其他有机溶媒如氯仿、乙醚、苯等。选择溶媒应符合使有效成分提出率高,使用安全,操作简便以及节约等原则。中药材成分繁复,有效成分尚未完全明确。在浸提过程中,中药处方中各中药材化学成分相互反应变化如何;在浸出和精制过程中有效物质是否受到损失;提取物是否能代表原处方药效及浸出和精制方法是否理想?
Traditional Chinese herbal medicines and compound prescriptions of Zhongyuan medicinal herbs have a large dose. The dose of prescriptions for each dose is often several tens of grams or even several hundred grams. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out leaching. The extraction method is whether to use single-flavor extraction or mixed extraction to extract refined products to pure or Use the total extract? It should be based on the nature of the medicine, the formulation of the prescription. If the pill can be extracted or crudely extracted, the injection must be refined. When the traditional Chinese medicine formula is decocted, the Chinese herbal medicines may be fryed, post-dried, fried, fried, simmered, or brewed. We must pay attention to and consider these reasonable extraction methods, single Chinese medicines, and compound extractions. The preparation obtained by the method must have the comprehensive curative effect of leaching components of the prescription Chinese medicinal materials. The purpose of extraction and purification is to extract the active ingredients in Chinese herbal medicines, and separate invalid or toxic substances at the same time to ensure the safety, efficacy, and stability during storage. The solvent used for extraction is generally water and ethanol. According to the nature of the active ingredient, acidic water, acidic alcohol, alkaline water, or other organic solvents such as chloroform, ethyl ether, benzene, and the like may also be used. The choice of solvent should meet the principle of high rate of effective ingredients, safe use, easy operation and economy. The complexity of Chinese herbal medicines is not yet completely clear. In the process of leaching, how does the chemical composition of each Chinese medicinal material in the traditional Chinese medicine formulae react to each other, whether the active substance is lost during the leaching and refining process, and whether the extract can represent the efficacy of the original prescription and whether the leaching and refining methods are satisfactory?