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目的确定新疆温泉县鼠疫疫源地面积,鼠疫疫源地类型。方法2004年5月27日~8月31日在温泉县南部山区采用鼠疫流行病学、生态学、动物昆虫学、血清学、病原学等方法进行鼠疫疫源调查。结果啮齿动物优势种为灰旱獭,主要分布在海拔2 100~3 200 m的高山草原、森林草原、草甸草原地带;其次为长尾黄鼠,主要以岛状分布于海拔1 800~2 800 m的草原带。路线法调查灰旱獭密度为0.26只/hm2,定点法调查3个样地平均密度为3.8只/hm2;调查区内长尾黄鼠数量甚少,呈岛状分布,样地定点观察平均密度为9.2只/hm2。调查区内按不同生境用5 m夹线法进行夜行小型鼠调查,捕获小型鼠4种15只,小型鼠捕获率为2%。啮齿动物体外寄生虫共发现3科、10属、13种。病原学检验脏器及媒介蚤材料,结果均为阴性。血清学检验出5份阳性材料。结论旱獭和狗血清阳性说明温泉县南部山区存在鼠疫自然疫源地并有动物间鼠疫流行。为了防止人间鼠疫流行,应加强鼠防意识,加大鼠防投入力度,全面开展各项鼠疫防治监测工作。
Objective To determine the plague foci area and plague foci in Wenquan County, Xinjiang. Methods From May 27, 2004 to August 31, 2004, plague epidemiology investigation was conducted in plague epidemiology, ecology, animal entomology, serology and etiology in the southern mountainous area of Wenquan County. Results The dominant species of rodents were Hummus, mainly distributed in the alpine steppe, forest steppe and meadow steppe with the elevation of 2 100 ~ 3 200 m, followed by the long-tailed rat, mainly distributed in the island shape at an altitude of 1800 ~ 2800 m of the prairie belt. The density of marmots was 0.26 / hm2. The average density of 3 plots was 3.8 / hm2. The number of long-tailed kangaroo in the survey area was very small with island-shaped distribution. The average density of the spots was 9.2 / hm2. According to different habitats in the investigation area, the nocturnal minipig mice were surveyed by 5 m lineage method, 15 of 4 small mice were captured, and the capture rate of small mice was 2%. A total of 3 families, 10 genera and 13 species of rodent ectoparasites were found. Etiological examination of organs and media flea materials, the results were negative. Serological tests revealed 5 positive materials. Conclusion The positive of marmot and dog serum indicate that there are plague natural foci in the southern mountainous area of Wenquan County and there is an epidemic of plague among animals. In order to prevent the epidemic of human plague, we should strengthen the awareness of rat prevention and control and increase efforts to prevent it from being put into investment so as to comprehensively carry out various plague prevention and control work.