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X射线相衬成像在提高人体软组织成像的衬度分辨率及空间分辨率研究中具有潜在优势,是一项有着广阔发展前景的技术。它利用空间相干X射线投过物体后携带的相位信息进行成像,在临床上适用于软组织物体,可以减少吸收剂量,进而减轻病人的辐射损伤。本文详述了当今几种典型的X射线相衬成像方法,包括X射线干涉相衬,衍射增强相衬以及类同轴相衬的成像原理以及发展历程。通过对比表明了几种成像方法的优缺点。最后对临床X射线相衬成像有待解决的问题作了分析。
X-ray phase contrast imaging has potential advantages in improving the contrast resolution and spatial resolution of human soft tissue imaging and is a promising technology. It uses the phase information carried by the spatially coherent X-ray to cast the object to carry on the imaging, is suitable for the soft tissue object in the clinic, can reduce the absorption dose, further reduces the patient’s radiation damage. This article details several typical X-ray phase contrast imaging methods, including X-ray phase contrast, diffraction enhanced phase contrast, and similar coaxial phase contrast imaging and their development. The advantages and disadvantages of several imaging methods are shown by comparison. Finally, the clinical X-ray phase contrast imaging problems to be resolved.