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目的了解掌握昆明市某综合医院医务人员血源性职业暴露的发生情况及管理现状。方法收集2010-2014年该医院医务人员发生血源性职业暴露的相关数据并进行统计分析。结果 5年间共有160名医务人员发生血源性职业暴露,其中护士发生率最高,占49.38%;其次为实习生和医师,分别占21.25%和14.37%;工作年限<5年者是血源性职业暴露的高危人群,占75.62%。职业暴露以锐器伤为主,发生的操作环节主要以输液拔针(28.75%)、收集医疗废物(16.88%)和采血过程(16.25%)居多。结论护士及低年资医务人员是职业暴露的高危人群,应优化医院职业暴露报告流程、加强医务人员防护培训、建立职业暴露监测体系并实施暴露后正确处理与干预。
Objective To understand the occurrence and management status of blood-borne occupational exposure of medical workers in a general hospital in Kunming. Methods The data of blood-related occupational exposure of medical staff in this hospital from 2010 to 2014 were collected and analyzed statistically. Results A total of 160 medical workers experienced blood-based occupational exposure during the 5-year period, with the highest incidence of nurses, accounting for 49.38%; followed by interns and physicians, accounting for 21.25% and 14.37% respectively; those with working years <5 years were of hematogenous origin Occupational exposure to high-risk groups, accounting for 75.62%. The main occupational exposure was sharp wounds. The operative links occurred mostly with infusion of needles (28.75%), medical waste collection (16.88%) and blood sampling (16.25%). Conclusion Nurses and medical personnel with low senior staff are the high-risk occupational occupational groups. It is necessary to optimize the reporting process of hospital occupational exposure, strengthen the training of medical personnel, set up a professional occupational exposure monitoring system and implement proper handling and intervention after exposure.