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[目的]蜜蜂是一种重要的传粉昆虫,近年来世界各地出现了严重的种群衰退现象,原因之一是农业生产过程中使用了大量农药。采用摄入法测定了300个农药制剂对蜜蜂的急性经口毒性,旨在了解我国常用农药对蜜蜂的毒风险情况。[结果]结果表明:对蜜蜂的急性经口毒性表现剧毒、高毒、中毒、低毒的农药制剂分别占14.7%、35.6%、10.7%、39%,高毒和剧毒农药产品达50%以上,但这些制剂主要为杀虫剂,占整个杀虫剂的74.1%,杀菌剂和除草剂对蜜蜂的毒性相对较低;对于相同有效成分的不同制剂之间,由于有效成分含量、助剂、剂型及加工工艺等的差异,从而对蜜蜂的毒性出现有差异的情况;此外,部分生物源农药也对蜜蜂具有较高毒性。[结论]我国农药制剂产品中,对蜜蜂表现高急性毒性的产品比例较大,在农业生产过程中,尤其是使用杀虫剂时尽量避免或减轻其对蜜蜂造成的影响。
[Objective] Bee is one of the most important pollinators. One of the reasons for this phenomenon is that a large number of pesticides have been used in agricultural production in recent years. The ingestion method was used to determine the acute oral toxicity of 300 pesticides to bees. The aim was to understand the risk of bee poisoning in China. [Result] The results showed that the acute oral toxicity of bees was 14.7%, 35.6%, 10.7% and 39% respectively, and the highly toxic and virulent pesticide products reached 50% %, But these preparations are mainly insecticides, accounting for 74.1% of the total pesticides, fungicides and herbicides on bee toxicity is relatively low; for the same active ingredients between different formulations, due to the active ingredient content, help Agents, dosage forms and processing technology differences, and thus there are differences in the toxicity of bees; In addition, some bio-pesticides are also highly toxic bees. [Conclusion] Among the pesticide products in our country, the proportion of the products with high acute toxicity to bees is relatively large. In the process of agricultural production, especially when using pesticides, the influence on the bees should be avoided or lessened.