该文从中国近代百年史的角度来审视中国 2 0世纪 5 0年代的社会主义改造 ,认为 ,当时中国实施社会主义的工业化战略并施行对资本主义经济的改造是历史的必然选择。同时 ,从对资本主义工商业的改造过程的考察中得出 ,改造步骤的逐步深入直至改造的完成 ,是一个自然的历史过程。 This paper examines the socialist transformation in China from the 1950s to the present century in the perspective of modern Chinese history. It holds that it was an inevitable historical choice for China to implement the socialist industrialization strategy and to reform the capitalist economy at that time. At the same time, from the investigation of the reconstruction process of capitalist industry and commerce, it is a natural historical process that the steps of transformation are gradually deepened until the completion of the transformation.