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中国在经历了几千年的封建社会以后为什么没有发展成资本主义社会，它与西欧的封建社会究竞有什么不同？这是几代历史学工作者一直在探讨的问题。毕道村先生近年来提出只有在发展了使小农破产的商品经济之后，封建社会才可过渡到资本主义，并将此观点上升为中西封建社会历史比较研究的中心环节。对此笔者提出异议，认为广大农民的生产生活状况及其物质、精神力量的成长才是决定这两种社会之间转型的根本原因或中心环节。
Why did not China develop into a capitalist society after it had experienced thousands of years of feudalism? What is the difference between China and the feudal society in Western Europe? This is a question which generations of historians have been exploring. In recent years, Mr. Bi Daocun proposed that the feudal society should make the transition to capitalism only after the development of a commodity economy that made the small farmers bankrupt, and raised this view as the central link in the comparative study of the history of Chinese and Western feudal society. I challenge this author, that the majority of peasants in the production and living conditions and the growth of their material and spiritual strength is to determine the transition between these two societies, the root cause or central link.