一引言在八十年代,已经形成的系统开发方法学的内聚力和价值受到了挑战,人们对它们的假设是否完备,对方法是否有效提出了疑问。这种转变的特征表现在人们更加重视引进信息技术和系统的组织中环境的重要性。大家注意的焦点是系统用户的特征、角色和作用,相对忽视系统开发者的基本理论和实践。开发者大多被看成是“隐藏着的手”或者“黑盒子”,装 I. INTRODUCTION In the 1980s, the cohesiveness and value of the system development methodologies that have been formed have been challenged. People’s assumptions about them are complete and they question whether the methods are effective. This transition is characterized by the importance of the environment in organizations where people pay more attention to the introduction of information technology and systems. The focus of attention is on the features, roles, and roles of system users, relatively ignoring the basic theories and practices of system developers. Developers are mostly seen as “hidden hands” or “black boxes,” loaded