目的通过结构方程模型阐明医学生心理健康与其影响因素间的关系,为医学生心理健康教育提供理论依据。方法采用分层整群抽样法,对某医科大学的1215名学生进行问卷调查。通过结构方程模型构建医学生心理健康影响因素初始模型,并予以验证,再根据模型参数检验、修正指数对初始进行修正,以得到最终模型。结果医学生心理健康影响因素依次为:生活困扰、入校时间、人际关系、学校满意度、生存压力、个人状态和家庭环境。这些因素均通过生活困扰和人际关系对心理健康产生间接影响。医学生处理人际关系和解决生活困扰的能力是影响其心理健康的关键,学校满意度、生存压力等因素均通过其对心理健康产生间接影响。结论在开展心理教育的同时,应注重培养医学生处理人际关系、独立解决生活困扰的能力,使其保持良好的心理状态。 Objective To clarify the relationship between mental health of medical students and its influential factors through structural equation model and to provide theoretical basis for medical students’ psychological health education. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to survey 1215 students in a medical university. The structural equation model is used to construct the initial model of influencing factors of mental health of medical students, and then verified according to the model parameters, and the index is amended to correct the initial to get the final model. Results The influencing factors of mental health of medical students were as follows: life disturbance, school time, interpersonal relationship, school satisfaction, survival pressure, personal status and family environment. These factors have an indirect impact on mental health through life problems and interpersonal relationships. The ability of medical students to deal with interpersonal relationships and solve problems of life is the key to their mental health. Factors such as school satisfaction and survival pressure indirectly influence mental health. Conclusion At the same time of carrying out psychological education, we should pay attention to cultivating the ability of medical students to deal with interpersonal relationships and solve life troubles independently, so that they can maintain a good psychological state.