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本文以出口收入指数方法为基础构建出口收入份额指标,计算和分析了2001-2009年期间中国出口的相对贸易利益及其分行业状况。中国在世界平均出口收入指数中的相对份额虽然呈现出一定的上升趋势,但主要是在低技术行业依靠出口规模而获取贸易利益,在高技术行业中国获得的市场份额和贸易利益都很少。面板数据计量检验显示,中国制造业各行业出口收入份额与技术投入、资本和劳动要素投入比例呈现较弱的正相关关系,与外资进入以及参与产品内分工的程度呈现较显著的正相关关系。中国欲摆脱以代工方式加入全球价值链而赚取低廉代工费的现实处境,须致力于物质资本和人力资本积累,提高自主创新能力,从而形成以技术为主导的竞争优势。
Based on the method of export income index, this paper constructs the index of export revenue share, calculates and analyzes the relative trade interests of China’s exports during 2001-2009 and its status in different industries. Although the relative share of China in the world average export income index shows a certain upward trend, it mainly derives its trade interests in the low-tech industries depending on the scale of its exports. In the high-tech industries, China has acquired very few market shares and trade interests. Panel data measurement tests show that the share of export earnings of various industries in manufacturing in China shows a weak positive correlation with the ratio of investment in technology, capital and labor input, and shows a significant positive correlation with the degree of foreign investment in entering and participating in product internal labor division. To get rid of the fact that OEMs earn low OEM rates by joining the global value chain through OEM, China must devote itself to the accumulation of material capital and human capital and enhance the capability of independent innovation so as to form a technology-led competitive advantage.