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翻开政治经济学史,我们清楚地看到,在上世纪末本世纪初,以英国资产阶级经济学家马歇尔为代表的新古典经济学说在西方经济学界居于支配地位。在马歇尔的笔下,资本主义经济是自由放任的经济,即无须国家干预,只要“看不见的手”的自发作用,必然实现“充分就业”的稳定均衡,然而三十年代的世界性经济大危机宣告了马歇尔经济学说的彻底破产。面对着一派萧条凄凉的危机惨状,传统的经济学说在理论上不能自圆其说,在政策上显得束手无策,而作为马歇尔的学生凯恩斯却正视现实,站在“革命”的
Turning to the history of political economy, we can clearly see that the neoclassical economic theory represented by British bourgeois economist Marshall at the turn of the century reached a dominance in Western economics. In the writings of Marshall, the capitalist economy is a laissez-faire economy that requires no state intervention. As long as the “invisible hand” spontaneously acts, a stable and balanced “full employment” will inevitably be achieved. However, the great economic crisis of the 1930s Declared a complete bankruptcy of Marshall's theory of economics. In the face of the miserable crisis of depression and desolation, the traditional economic theory can not be justified in theory. It seems that policies are at a loss what to do. However, Keynes, a student of Marshall, confronts the reality and stands in “revolution”