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结核分枝杆菌是结核病的致病菌，机体免疫反应在结核菌的防御和致病中发挥关键调控作用。模式识别受体家族中的Toll样受体（ TLRs）能感知结核杆菌感染，并参与调控天然免疫和获得性免疫应答；而TLRs 亦能介导结核分枝杆菌的免疫逃避机制过程，促进慢性感染的发生、发展。利用免疫佐剂调控TLRs的功能水平可能有助于增强机体抗结核反应，并有望成为结核病预防和治疗的方向。“,”Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the pathogenic agent of tuberculosis.The host immune respon-ses have critical regulation effect on the defense and pathogenesis of tuberculosis.Toll-like receptors(TLRs), belonging to pattern recognition receptors family,act as key sensors of mycobacterial infections and can regu-late innate immunity and adaptive immunity.Besides,TLRs participate in the immune evasion process of my-cobacterium tuberculosis,so as to facilitate the incidence and development of chronic infection.The immune-adjuvant may help to regulate function of TLRs to enhance the host immune response and would become new direction for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.