浩瀚的海洋,占据了将近四分之三的地球表面,历来是人类的重要通途。千百年来的航海实践表明,海洋环境状况在航海活动中起着巨大的作用。远在帆船时代,海上天气往往起着决定性的、甚至是不可抗拒的作用,人们视航海为一种冒险事业。随着科学技术日新月异和造船工业的现代化,船体和设备朝着大型、坚固、高速、精密、自动化的方向发展了,航海安全和经济效率也大幅度地获得提高。那么,在现代航运事业中,海洋环境条件是否就可以忽略不计呢?回答当然是否定的。实践证明,恶劣的海洋天气和海况仍然会造成现代商船的严重海损,在这种情况下,即使大型现代化船舶也难幸免。海上船舶沉没事件几乎每年都有,一般船损和货损则更是屡见不鲜了。 The vast ocean, occupying nearly three-quarters of the Earth’s surface, has traditionally been an important thoroughfare for mankind. The practice of sailing for thousands of years shows that the state of the marine environment plays a significant role in navigation activities. Far in the sailing era, the weather on the sea often plays a decisive, and even irresistible role, people regard navigation as an adventure. With the rapid development of science and technology and the modernization of the shipbuilding industry, the hull and equipment have been developed in a large, robust, high-speed, sophisticated and automated way. The safety and economic efficiency of navigation have also been greatly enhanced. So, in the modern shipping industry, whether the marine environmental conditions are negligible? The answer of course is no. Practice has proved that the harsh ocean weather and sea conditions will still cause serious sea damage to modern merchant ships, in which case even large-scale modern ships are also spared. Ship sunk at sea almost every year, the general ship damage and cargo damage is even more common.