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铁路是资金密集性的行业,是需要大规模融通资金的行业。马克思说:“假如必须等待积累去使某些单个资本增长到能够修铁路的程度,那么恐怕直到今天世界上还没有铁路。但是集中通过股份公司,转瞬之间就把这件事完成了。”(马克思《资本论》第一卷,第688页。)不论是新线建设,还是营业运输,铁路都需要巨额的资金。因此,融通资金是铁路生存的本能。东清(中东)、胶济、沪宁、沪杭甬、广九、浙赣、湘桂、黔桂等建国前的铁路,几乎都是利用外国资本
Railways are capital-intensive industries and industries that require large-scale financing. “If we had to wait for the accumulation to increase some individual capital to railways, I am afraid there will be no railroads in the world today,” said Marx, but in the meantime it was done through a joint stock company. (Marx, Capital, Vol. I, p. 688.) Railways need large sums of money, both for new construction and for transport. Therefore, financing is the survival of the railway instinct. Nearly all of the railroads before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, such as the East Qing Dynasty (Middle East), Jiaoji, Shanghai-Nanjing, Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo, Guangjiu, Zhejiang-Jiangxi, Hunan-Guangxi and Qian-gui, made use of foreign capital