综述了分子标记在玉米产量 QTL 和杂种优势遗传基础方面的概况。对玉米产量 QTL 的研究方法,QTL 数目、位置和遗传效应及应用作了介绍。比较了多种利用 QTL 结果对杂种优势的解释。作者认为,杂种优势的产生是显性效应,超显性效应和上位性效应共同作用的结果,不可能只是一种基因效应在起作用。并提出杂种通过自组织理论而形成的最优基因表达调控是杂种优势形成的理论基础。 The overview of molecular markers on the genetic basis of QTL and heterosis in maize was reviewed. The research methods of QTL for corn yield, the number of QTLs, their location and genetic effects and their applications were introduced. A variety of QTLs were used to explain the heterosis. The author believes that the generation of heterosis is the dominant effect, the combination of super-dominant and epistatic effects can not be just a genetic effect at work. It is also suggested that the optimal gene expression regulation formed by self-organization theory of hybrids is the theoretical basis for the formation of heterosis.