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Today’s admission letters have become more and more creative with delicate designs. However， do you know how students in ancient times received their admission letters and what the letters were like？
如今的录取通知书都经过了精心设计，变得越来越富有创意。然而，你知道古代考生们是如何收到“录取通知书”的吗？那时候的录取通知书又长什么样呢？
Gold and glittering admission letter
金灿灿的录取通知书
During the Tang Dynasty （618—907）， the admission letter was on paper decorated with gold bits， or scraps， to denote those who stood out in the ancient imperial examinations， or keju. The gold notice was sent home by students attached to a letter， instead of through official channels， so some people think this was not an official admission letter.
The widely-recognized official admission letter was called jinhua tiezi （golden flower letter）， which appeared later. It was similar to today’s admission letters from key national universities.
According to historical records from the Song Dynasty （960—1279）， jinhua tiezi was written on top-quality paper sprinkled with powdered gold， which was usually five cun long （about 15 centimeters）. Until the Qing Dynasty （1644—1911）， woodblock printed admission letters were made.
Admission letters in the Ming （1368—1644） and Qing dynasties were called jiebao， which were larger in size and made for students to put on display in their halls.
Overall， fancier materials were used to make admission letters to candidates with higher grades. Besides paper， some used delicate brocade silk or fine processed wood.
唐朝（618年—907年）的錄取通知书写在饰以金片的纸上，表明此人在科举考试中脱颖而出。这封金灿灿的通知书和一封信一起由考生寄回家，而非通过官方渠道寄送，所以一些人认为这并不是一封正式的录取通知书。
后来就有了公认的官方录取通知书“金花帖子”。它和现在的全国重点大学的录取通知书很像。
据宋朝史料记载，“金花帖子”写在撒有金粉的高级纸张上，通常为五寸长（约15厘米）。而清朝（1644年—1911年）则使用的是木版印刷的录取通知书。
明朝（1368年—1644年）和清朝的录取通知书被称为“捷报”，尺寸会更大些，让考生能在家中厅堂展示。
总体而言，成绩好的考生拿到的录取通知书材质也会更好。除了纸，一些录取通知书还会使用精美的锦缎或者加工精细的木制品。
What was written on an admission letter？
录取通知书上写了些什么？
The ancient admission letter was always written in clerical script （lishu）， an archaic style of Chinese calligraphy. The center of the letter showed the examinee’s ranking as well as the year and name of the exam.
During the Tang and Song dynasties， the jinhua tiezi would first list the names， titles and personal information of the main officials in charge of the exam and then the name of the examinee.
The jiebao in the Ming and Qing dynasties had simpler content， which just contained the name and ranking of the examinee. The ancient admission letters also had to be stamped with special seals after being written. In the Qing Dynasty， the list of successful candidates during the dianshi， the top-level exam in keju， would be sealed by the emperor and shown to the public.
古代的录取通知书皆为隶书，中国古代书法的一种风格。通知书的中间会写上应试者的名次、考试年份以及考试名称。
在唐宋时期的“金花帖子”上，会先列出主持考试的主要官员名字、官职以及个人信息，然后才写上应试者的名字。
明清时期的“捷报”内容更为简洁，只有应试者的名次和姓名。
古代的录取通知书写成之后也需加印上特殊印章。清朝时期，殿试为科举考试中的最高段。皇帝会亲自为殿试中试者名单盖上印章，并公之于众。
How was an admission letter delivered？
录取通知书是如何送达的？
Nowadays， admission letters are delivered by China Post， while in ancient times， delivery of the admission letter involved a very solemn government procedure. A special team would be assembled to deliver the letter， with an official riding on a tall horse， raising up a flag in the front， and a band followed behind playing cheerful music and lighting fire crackers to celebrate.
After receiving the admission letter， the host would give red envelopes to the delivery men as lucky money. The letter would then be posted in the most prominent position in the hall of the candidate’s home as a proud honor.
如今的錄取通知书都由中国邮政寄送，而在古代，运送录取通知书这一庄严的程序则是由朝廷负责。朝廷会召集一班特殊人马运送信函：一名官员骑着高头大马，在前方高举旗帜，紧随其后的乐队吹奏着欢快的乐曲，点燃鞭炮以示庆贺。
在收到录取通知书之后，主人家会给送信员发红包，图个好彩头。信函稍后会张贴在中试者家中厅堂最显眼的地方，以示光宗耀祖。
如今的录取通知书都经过了精心设计，变得越来越富有创意。然而，你知道古代考生们是如何收到“录取通知书”的吗？那时候的录取通知书又长什么样呢？
Gold and glittering admission letter
金灿灿的录取通知书
During the Tang Dynasty （618—907）， the admission letter was on paper decorated with gold bits， or scraps， to denote those who stood out in the ancient imperial examinations， or keju. The gold notice was sent home by students attached to a letter， instead of through official channels， so some people think this was not an official admission letter.
The widely-recognized official admission letter was called jinhua tiezi （golden flower letter）， which appeared later. It was similar to today’s admission letters from key national universities.
According to historical records from the Song Dynasty （960—1279）， jinhua tiezi was written on top-quality paper sprinkled with powdered gold， which was usually five cun long （about 15 centimeters）. Until the Qing Dynasty （1644—1911）， woodblock printed admission letters were made.
Admission letters in the Ming （1368—1644） and Qing dynasties were called jiebao， which were larger in size and made for students to put on display in their halls.
Overall， fancier materials were used to make admission letters to candidates with higher grades. Besides paper， some used delicate brocade silk or fine processed wood.
唐朝（618年—907年）的錄取通知书写在饰以金片的纸上，表明此人在科举考试中脱颖而出。这封金灿灿的通知书和一封信一起由考生寄回家，而非通过官方渠道寄送，所以一些人认为这并不是一封正式的录取通知书。
后来就有了公认的官方录取通知书“金花帖子”。它和现在的全国重点大学的录取通知书很像。
据宋朝史料记载，“金花帖子”写在撒有金粉的高级纸张上，通常为五寸长（约15厘米）。而清朝（1644年—1911年）则使用的是木版印刷的录取通知书。
明朝（1368年—1644年）和清朝的录取通知书被称为“捷报”，尺寸会更大些，让考生能在家中厅堂展示。
总体而言，成绩好的考生拿到的录取通知书材质也会更好。除了纸，一些录取通知书还会使用精美的锦缎或者加工精细的木制品。
What was written on an admission letter？
录取通知书上写了些什么？
The ancient admission letter was always written in clerical script （lishu）， an archaic style of Chinese calligraphy. The center of the letter showed the examinee’s ranking as well as the year and name of the exam.
During the Tang and Song dynasties， the jinhua tiezi would first list the names， titles and personal information of the main officials in charge of the exam and then the name of the examinee.
The jiebao in the Ming and Qing dynasties had simpler content， which just contained the name and ranking of the examinee. The ancient admission letters also had to be stamped with special seals after being written. In the Qing Dynasty， the list of successful candidates during the dianshi， the top-level exam in keju， would be sealed by the emperor and shown to the public.
古代的录取通知书皆为隶书，中国古代书法的一种风格。通知书的中间会写上应试者的名次、考试年份以及考试名称。
在唐宋时期的“金花帖子”上，会先列出主持考试的主要官员名字、官职以及个人信息，然后才写上应试者的名字。
明清时期的“捷报”内容更为简洁，只有应试者的名次和姓名。
古代的录取通知书写成之后也需加印上特殊印章。清朝时期，殿试为科举考试中的最高段。皇帝会亲自为殿试中试者名单盖上印章，并公之于众。
How was an admission letter delivered？
录取通知书是如何送达的？
Nowadays， admission letters are delivered by China Post， while in ancient times， delivery of the admission letter involved a very solemn government procedure. A special team would be assembled to deliver the letter， with an official riding on a tall horse， raising up a flag in the front， and a band followed behind playing cheerful music and lighting fire crackers to celebrate.
After receiving the admission letter， the host would give red envelopes to the delivery men as lucky money. The letter would then be posted in the most prominent position in the hall of the candidate’s home as a proud honor.
如今的錄取通知书都由中国邮政寄送，而在古代，运送录取通知书这一庄严的程序则是由朝廷负责。朝廷会召集一班特殊人马运送信函：一名官员骑着高头大马，在前方高举旗帜，紧随其后的乐队吹奏着欢快的乐曲，点燃鞭炮以示庆贺。
在收到录取通知书之后，主人家会给送信员发红包，图个好彩头。信函稍后会张贴在中试者家中厅堂最显眼的地方，以示光宗耀祖。