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通过组合不同降雨强度、坡度的室内模拟降雨试验,研究沂蒙山区坡面侵蚀过程。结果表明:坡面产流时间随降雨强度、坡度的增加而提前,降雨强度对产流时间的影响较大;径流速度与降雨强度、坡度正相关,降雨强度对径流速度的影响相对坡度较弱,褐土表面径流速度大于棕壤;坡面径流量随降雨强度增大而增大,随坡度的增大而减少;土壤侵蚀率与总侵蚀量皆随降雨强度、坡度的增大而增大,但波动规律不同,细沟侵蚀使土壤侵蚀率急剧增加。对于棕壤,小降雨强度时,坡度是影响侵蚀率的主导因子,大降雨强度时,主导作用被降雨强度替代;对于褐土,侵蚀率的大小主要受控于降雨强度。在相同试验条件下,棕壤的侵蚀率、总侵蚀量要大于褐土,说明棕壤抗侵蚀能力小于褐土。
Through the combination of rainfall simulations with different rainfall intensities and slopes, the slope erosion process in Yimeng Mountain was studied. The results show that the runoff time advances with the increase of rainfall intensity and gradient, and the rainfall intensity has a significant influence on the runoff time. The runoff velocity is positively correlated with the rainfall intensity and slope, and the rainfall intensity has a relatively weak slope effect on runoff velocity , The surface runoff velocity of brown soil is larger than that of brown soil. The runoff of slope increases with the increase of rainfall intensity and decreases with the increase of slope degree. The soil erosion rate and total erosion increase with the increase of rainfall intensity and slope , But the fluctuation law is different, the erosion of the gully makes the soil erosion rate increase sharply. For brown soil and small rainfall intensity, slope is the dominant factor affecting erosion rate. When rainfall intensity is large, the dominant effect is replaced by rainfall intensity. For cinnamon soil, the erosion rate is mainly controlled by rainfall intensity. Under the same experimental conditions, the erosion rate and the total erosion amount of brown soil are greater than those of cinnamon soil, indicating that the brown soil has less resistance to erosion than cinnamon soil.