目的:探讨CO2气腹对大鼠卵巢形态学的影响。方法:170只处于动情间期的大鼠随机分为气腹组80只,无气腹组80只,对照组10只。气腹组和无气腹组分别分为手术60、120 min各40只,两组均分别于术后0、6、12、24 h各10只大鼠取双侧卵巢,光镜、透射电镜观察其形态变化。结果:光镜观察气腹组0 h可见间质细胞轻度水肿,少量炎细胞浸润;6小时可见间质细胞及颗粒细胞轻度水肿,血管扩张,炎细胞浸润;12 h见细胞水肿加重,血管扩张,炎细胞浸润明显;24 h更明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。气腹组充气120 min较充气60 min变化更加明显(P<0.05),与对照组及无气腹组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。电镜观察0 h可见卵泡膜细胞及颗粒细胞少量线粒体轻度水肿,嵴变短;6 h可见卵泡膜细胞及颗粒细胞线粒体轻度水肿,嵴变短,部分内质网扩张;12 h线粒体水肿加重,大部分嵴消失,内质网扩张明显;24 h大部分线粒体呈空泡状,内质网扩张更明显,脂滴数量增多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。气腹组充气120 min较充气60 min变化更加明显(P<0.05);与对照组及无气腹假手术组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:CO2气腹可对卵巢的形态结构产生一定的影响,随着时间的延长变化越明显,且充气时间越长,影响越大。 Objective: To investigate the effects of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on ovarian morphology in rats. Methods: One hundred and seventy rats were randomly divided into pneumoperitoneum group (n = 80), pneumoperitoneum group (n = 80) and control group (n = 10). Pneumoperitoneum group and pneumoperitoneum group were divided into operation 60 and 120 min each 40, two groups were in 0, 6, 12, 24 h after the operation of each 10 rats were taken from the ovary, light microscope, transmission electron microscopy Observed the morphological changes. Results: Mild edema and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the pneumoperitoneum group at 0 h after light microscopy; mild edema, vasodilation and inflammatory cell infiltration of interstitial cells and granulosa cells were observed at 6 hours; cell edema was aggravated at 12 h, Vasodilatation and inflammatory cell infiltration were obvious; 24 h was more obvious, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Compared with control group and no pneumoperitoneum group, the changes in pneumoperitoneum group at 120 min were more significant than those at inflatable group at 60 min (P <0.05) (P <0.01). Electron microscopy showed a small amount of mitochondria mild edema and a short crest of mitochondria in the cells and granulosa cells at 0 h. Mild mitochondria edema and short crest of mitochondria and dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum were found at 6 h , Most of the ridges disappeared, and the endoplasmic reticulum dilated obviously. Most of mitochondria were vacuolar at 24 h, the endoplasmic reticulum dilated more obviously, and the number of lipid droplets increased, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Compared with control group and pneumoperitoneum group, the changes of pneumoperitoneum group in 120 min were more obvious than those in inflatable group for 60 min (P <0.05) (P <0.01). CONCLUSION: CO2 pneumoperitoneum can affect ovarian morphological structure to a certain extent. The more obvious the change is with the prolongation of time, and the longer the inflation time is, the greater the impact is.