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民法占有制度渊源可以追至古罗马时期。罗马法与日耳曼法是近代西方法律两大重要的渊源,从历史发展的角度看,罗马法与日耳曼法对后世民法制度的影响往往是交错存在的。现代民法占有制度兼收了罗马法中的占有(Possessio)与日耳曼法中的占有(Gewerbe)之精华。罗马法上的占有,仅止于占有之事实的保护,不涉及权利。而日尔曼法上的占有是用来表彰权利、推定权利的存在的,所以占有保护制度没有独立出来。但是,罗马法的占有与日耳曼法的占有,其维护财产关系现状、定纷止争的功能是相通的。
The origin of the civil law possession system can be chased to ancient Rome. Roman law and Germanic law are two important origins of modern Western law. From the perspective of historical development, the influence of Roman law and Germanic law on the later civil law system tends to be staggered. The modern system of possession of civil law incorporates the essence of Possessio in Roman law and Gewerbe in Germanic law. The possession of Roman law, only to protect the facts of possession, does not involve rights. The possession of the German law is used to recognize the rights, the presumption of the existence of rights, so possession of the protection system is not independent. However, the possession of Roman law and the possession of Germanic law, the maintenance of the status quo of property relations, the outcome of the dispute is the same.