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目的：使用荧光定量PCR法分析新生儿至老年人不同年龄健康人群肠道菌群特点，比较各年龄段间的差异，探讨年龄对肠道菌群变化的影响。方法选择2014年11月至2015年2月山西省人民医院产科的新生儿及健康志愿者259名，分为胎儿组45名、婴幼儿组61名、少年组54名、成年组48名、老年组51名，提取各组人群新鲜粪便标本DNA，荧光定量PCR检测肠道双歧杆菌、乳酸菌、肠杆菌、类杆菌、肠球菌及梭菌细菌拷贝数、计算B/E值（双歧杆菌/肠杆菌），统计分析各组间差异。结果胎儿组和婴幼儿组双歧杆菌、肠杆菌、乳酸菌、类杆菌、肠球菌及梭菌数量间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与胎儿和婴幼儿组相比，老年组、成年组和少年组双歧杆菌、乳酸菌数量明显降低（P<0.05），肠杆菌、肠球菌、类杆菌数量均明显升高（P<0.05）。老年组和成年组双歧杆菌、乳酸菌数量亦明显低于少年组（P<0.05）。老年组肠杆菌、肠球菌、类杆菌数量亦明显高于少年组和成年组（P0.05）。老年组、成年组和少年组B/E值明显低于胎儿组和婴幼儿组，老年组和成年组B/E值亦明显低于少年组，老年组B/E值亦明显低于成年组（P0.05).The numbers of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in elderly group,adult group and juvenile group were obviously lower than those in fetuses and infants groups(P<0.05),while The numbers of Enterobacteriaceae,Bacteroides in elderly group,adult group and juvenile group were obviously higher than those in fetuses and infants groups(P<0.05).The numbers of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in elderly group,adult group were obviously lower than those in juvenile group(P<0.05),The numbers of Enterobacteriaceae,E. Coli, Bacteroides in elderly group were obviously higher than those in adult group and juvenile groups (P0.05).The B/E values of Elderly,adult and juvenile group were obviously lower than that of fetuses and infants groups,the B/E values of Elderly and adults group were obviously lower than that of juvenile group,the B/E values of Elderly group were obviously lower than that of adults group,the above inter-group differences were obviously statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Age is an important factor in the changes of intestinal microbiota.With the aging, intestinal bacteria significantly reduced the number of probiotics while an increase in the number of intestinal neutral bacteria.n addition,colonization resistance significantly weakened with aging.