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巴基斯坦喀喇昆仑山的Ghulkin冰川是距离中国-巴基斯坦喀喇昆仑公路最近的典型冰川之一,其冰川的进退变化影响着喀喇昆仑公路改建工程的线路设计与工程施工.为了追溯Ghulkin冰川的活动历史和查明近期进退变化,对过去200a的相关文献和记录进行统计分析,并开展了2008-2011年野外定点观测,总结与分析了Ghulkin冰川冰舌的活动历史与近期变化.研究表明:Ghulkin冰川在1885-1980年近百年间经历了3次前进和3次后退,在此期间冰川波动了625m;1913-1925年冰川处于显著的前进状态,1966-1978年冰川有小段距离的前进;2008-2011年K676+660处泥石流沟道逐年抬升,2011年南坡冰川融水由K676+660改道至K676+450;2010年的南坡冰舌较1994年后退了300余米,2011年的南坡冰舌较2010年后退了15.066m,可见在2010-2011年期间冰川处于局部短期后退状态.中巴公路冰川泥石流等灾害不但受区域气候的影响,而且还受冰川变化的影响.未来气候变暖将会导致冰川的强烈消融和后退,冰川融水携带大量冰碛体,形成大型的冰川泥石流,对公路的安全运营造成严重威胁.
The Ghulkin Glacier in the Karakorum Mountains of Pakistan is one of the most typical glaciers on the Karakoram Highway between China and Pakistan and its progression in the glacier affects the circuit design and construction of the Karakorum Highway Rehabilitation Project.To trace the activities of the Ghulkin Glacier History and recent advances and changes in the history of the Ghulkin glacier, the statistical analysis of the relevant literature and records over the past 200 years, and the field observation and observation during 2008-2011 were conducted to summarize and analyze the history and recent changes of the glaciers in the Ghulkin Glacier.The results show that Ghulkin The glacier experienced three advance and three retreats during the past century from 1885 to 1980, during which time the glacier fluctuated 625 m. The glacier was in a state of significant advance from 1913 to 1925 and the glacier moved a short distance from 1966 to 1978. - In 2011, the channel of debris flow at K676 + 660 was gradually raised. In 2011, the south slope glacier meltwater was rerouted from K676 + 660 to K676 + 450; in 2010, the southern slope glacier retreated more than 300 meters from 1994; The slope glacier retreated 15.066m from 2010, showing that the glacier is in a short-term recession during 2010-2011. The glacier, debris flow and other disasters on the CMB Highway are affected not only by the regional climate but also The impact of changes in glacier future climate warming will lead to strong ablation and retreat of glaciers, glacial melt water carry large amounts of moraine body to form a large glacial debris flow, causing a serious threat to the safe operation of the road.