自1848年《共产党宣言》发表以来，科学社会主义已走过了一个半世纪的风雨历程。在这一个半世纪的风雨历程中，社会主义既经历了凯歌高奏的年代，也经历了发展受挫、甚至红旗落地的苦难岁月。特别是八十年代末、九十年代初的苏东剧变，使社会主义遭受了重大挫折，陷入了低潮? Since the publication of the “Communist Manifesto” in 1848, scientific socialism has gone through a stormy course of one and a half centuries. In the course of this half-century of ups and downs, socialism has experienced both the era of triumphant songs and the suffering years of frustration and even the red flag landing. In particular, the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and the East China in the late 1980s and early 1990s made socialism suffer a major setback and plunged into a slump.