目的探讨腹腔镜辅助直肠癌根治术对直肠癌的临床疗效。方法 2006年1月至2008年9月期间收治的直肠癌患者120例,根据手术方式不同分为腹腔镜和开腹组,每组60例。腹腔镜组患者采用腹腔镜辅助直肠癌根治术治疗,开腹组患者行传统开腹手术治疗,比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、排气时间、导尿管留置时间、术后住院时间以及手术前后血清CRP、IL-6水平,随访并比较两组患者1、3、5年生存率。结果腹腔镜组患者手术时间较开腹组长(P<0.05),术中出血量、术后排气时间、导尿管留置时间、术后住院时间均少于开腹组(P<0.05)。两组患者清扫淋巴结数目及并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。开腹组患者术后血清CRP和IL-6水平均高于腹腔镜组(均P<0.05)。两组患者1、3、5年生存率差异无统计学意义,腹腔镜组>60岁患者的3、5年生存率高于开腹组(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜辅助直肠癌根治术与传统开腹手术的近期和远期疗效相似,但具有手术创伤小、患者恢复快、能够保护机体免疫功能等优点,适宜在临床推广应用。 Objective To investigate the clinical effect of laparoscopic radical rectal cancer on rectal cancer. Methods A total of 120 patients with rectal cancer who were admitted between January 2006 and September 2008 were divided into laparoscopic group and laparotomy group according to different surgical methods, with 60 cases in each group. Patients in laparoscopic group were treated with laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer. Patients in laparotomy group underwent traditional laparotomy. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, excretion time, catheter indwelling time, postoperative hospital stay Time and preoperative and postoperative serum CRP, IL-6 levels were followed up and compared the two groups of patients 1,3,5-year survival rate. Results The operation time of laparoscopic group was shorter than that of laparotomy group (P <0.05). The blood loss, postoperative exhaust time, urinary catheter indwelling time and postoperative hospital stay were less than those of laparotomy group (P <0.05) . There was no significant difference in the number of lymph nodes and complication between the two groups (P> 0.05). The postoperative serum levels of CRP and IL-6 in the open group were significantly higher than those in the laparoscopic group (all P <0.05). The 1, 3, 5-year survival rates of the two groups of patients had no statistical difference. The 3-year and 5-year survival rates of the laparoscopic group> 60 years old group were higher than those of the laparotomy group (P <0.05). Conclusions Laparoscopic assisted radical resection of rectal cancer has the similar efficacy in short-term and long-term as traditional laparotomy, but it has the advantages of small trauma, fast recovery and immune function, which is suitable for clinical application.