早产儿营养不良导致宫外生长发育迟缓(EUGR)是NICU中的重要问题。证据表明新生儿早期营养缺乏具有远期的不良反应,包括身材矮小、免疫低下、神经发育不良等。在过渡到完全肠内喂养之前,静脉营养是非常重要的,其可保证早产儿营养的摄入。早期微量喂养可促进肠道动力和胆汁分泌,增强乳糖酶活性,减少败血症、胆汁淤积性黄疸的发生。大量的随机临床试验为早产儿喂养提供了指南:早产儿喂养首选母乳,适时添加人乳增强剂是十分必要的;不能母乳喂养者,宜采用早产儿配方乳喂养。 Premature infant malnutrition leads to ectopic growth retardation (EUGR) is an important issue in the NICU. Evidence suggests that early neonatal nutritional deficits have long-term adverse effects, including short stature, immunodeficiency, and neurodevelopment. Vein nutrition is very important before it is completely switched to enteral feeding, which ensures nutritional intake of preterm infants. Early micro-feeding can promote intestinal motility and bile secretion, enhance lactase activity, reduce sepsis, cholestatic jaundice. A large number of randomized clinical trials provide a guideline for premature infant feeding: premature babies prefer breast feeding, timely addition of human milk enhancer is very necessary; not breastfeeding, should adopt premature infant formula feeding.