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本文扼要叙述中国古代利用葑田进行水面种稻的情况。葑是菰的根系和茎多年聚结起来的“板块”,能浮于水面,古代农民用木头做成框架,上置葑块,称为葑田,又名架田,用以种稻。其优点是可以随水位高低生长,既不怕旱,又不怕涝,兼省排灌之力。葑田在中国至少有1600多年的历史,唐宋时颇为流行,遍及江南各地江河湖泊沼泽之区。后因人口增加,适于菰草生长的生境遭到破坏,葑田的利用渐趋消失,南方一些地方改用芦苇编制成筏,用来种植蕹菜(空心菜),沿用至今。墨西哥有浮田,上种蔬菜和玉米,称Chinampas,表明可能由中国传去。
This article briefly describes the situation of paddy rice paddy cultivation in ancient China.葑 is the “plate” of 菰 root and stem for many years. It floats on the surface of water. Ancient peasants made the frame from wood. Its advantage is that it can grow with the water level, neither afraid of drought, not afraid of waterlogging, and the power of irrigation and drainage. Tian in China at least 1600 years of history, quite popular in the Tang and Song Dynasties, all over the rivers and lakes throughout the swamp area. After the population increase, habitat suitable for the growth of Humulus villosus was destroyed, the use of wild rice fields gradually disappear, some places in the South replaced with reed compiled raft for the cultivation of Brasenia schreberi (convolvulus), still in use. There are floating fields in Mexico, on the kinds of vegetables and corn, said Chinampas, indicating that it may pass from China.