冠状动脉(简称冠脉)侧支血管生而有之,这些储备的血管床在冠脉粥样硬化狭窄及心肌缺血过程中方获进一步开放和发展。当冠脉发生狭窄性损害时,局部阻力增加,心肌血流减少。这种减少并非冠脉灌注压增高、心肌氧摄取率增加所能轻易代偿的。但因冠脉粥样硬化损害呈固有的节段性特征,病变一般累及1支或2支冠脉近侧段,故由此而导致的局部缺血可通过侧支循环的建立得到部分代偿。冠脉在解剖学上的相互联系整个心脏有广泛的冠脉吻合网,总括起来有:冠脉系统与心腔的沟通;冠脉及其分支间的吻合;冠脉与心外动脉吻合等。同一冠脉吻合(冠脉内吻合),称为同冠状型;两支冠脉吻合(冠脉间吻合),称为冠状间型。心肌各部位均有规则的冠脉吻合网。冠脉有 Coronary artery (referred to as coronary artery) collateral vessels born of these reserves of the vascular bed in the process of coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial ischemia side to be further open and development. When coronary stenosis occurs, local resistance increases and myocardial blood flow decreases. This reduction is not due to an increase in coronary perfusion pressure, which is easily compensated for by increased myocardial oxygen uptake. However, due to coronary atherosclerotic lesions showed an inherent segmental features, lesions generally involving one or two proximal coronary segments, so the resulting ischemia can be established by collateral circulation partial compensatory . Anatomy of coronary arteries interconnected The entire heart has a wide range of coronary anastomosis network, summed up the following: the communication between the coronary system and the heart chamber; anastomosis between the coronary artery and its branches; coronary artery and anastomosis and so on. The same coronary artery anastomosis (intracoronary anastomosis), known as the same coronary type; two coronary anastomosis (coronary anastomosis), known as the coronal type. All parts of the myocardium have a regular coronary anastomosis network. Coronary artery has