婴幼儿HIV感染的主要来源是母亲。据联合国办事机构估计,全世界每天出生的感染新生儿高达1900名以上,绝大多数在发展中国家,尤其是撒哈拉南部非洲。弄清与母婴传播(MTCT)有关的时间和因素就能够制订出有效的预防战略。比较复杂的方法包括延长时间的产前抗逆转录病毒治疗结合预产期的择期剖宫产;新生儿治疗6周,可将传播率 The main source of HIV infection in infants and toddlers is mothers. According to estimates by UN offices, there are over 1,900 newborn babies born every day in the world, most of them in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Identifying the time and factors associated with mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) will allow for the development of effective prevention strategies. More complicated methods include prolonged prenatal antiretroviral therapy in combination with elective cesarean delivery; neonatal treatment for 6 weeks can reduce the rate of transmission