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青霉素、头孢菌素等在通常量也可出现过敏性休克,变态反应性症状(如皮疹、嗜酸细胞增多),肝肾功能障碍、血液改变等副作用。当大量点滴静注时应注意以下几方面的异常反应。1.钠潴留:青霉素、头孢菌素多为钠盐制剂,如大量静注可引起钠潴留,不仅出现浮肿、肺水肿、痉挛等症状,同时还往往伴有低钾血症,尤其对心肾疾患、高血压等更应密切观察,必要时做血清电解质测定。2.出血或血液异常:高浓度的青霉素、头孢菌素不仅可以抑制纤维蛋白原转化为纤维蛋白的功能,还在血小板表面构成薄膜,阻止了血小板的凝集、粘着
Penicillin, cephalosporin and other normal amount can also occur in anaphylactic shock, allergic symptoms (such as rash, eosinophilia), liver and kidney dysfunction, blood changes and other side effects. When a large number of intravenous infusion should pay attention to the following aspects of the abnormal reaction. 1. Sodium retention: penicillin, cephalosporin mostly sodium salt preparations, such as a large number of intravenous infusion can cause sodium retention, not only edema, pulmonary edema, spasms and other symptoms, but also often accompanied by hypokalemia, especially heart and kidney Illness, hypertension and more should be closely observed, if necessary, serum electrolyte determination. 2. Bleeding or blood abnormalities: high concentrations of penicillin, cephalosporin can not only inhibit the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin function, but also form a thin film on the surface of platelets, preventing platelet aggregation, adhesion