作为恶性肿瘤的重要治疗方法之一,放疗通常被认为是一种局部治疗手段。然而,近年来越来越多的研究提示合理的放疗剂量和分割模式可改善肿瘤微环境,诱导肿瘤细胞免疫原性死亡,形成原位疫苗,激活全身的抗肿瘤免疫效应。同时,免疫治疗可有效增强放疗的抗肿瘤免疫作用,已在临床前研究中得到证实,正在临床研究中进行广泛探索。该文对放疗的抗肿瘤免疫效应及相关机制、放疗与免疫治疗联合应用的研究进展进行了综述。 As one of the important treatment of malignant tumors, radiotherapy is usually considered as a local treatment. However, more and more researches in recent years suggest that reasonable dose and division mode of radiotherapy can improve tumor microenvironment, induce tumor cell immunogenic death, form in situ vaccine and activate systemic anti-tumor immune effect. At the same time, immunotherapy can effectively enhance the antitumor immunity of radiotherapy has been confirmed in preclinical studies, is being widely explored in clinical studies. This article reviewed the research progress of anti-tumor immune effect of radiotherapy and its related mechanisms, combined application of radiotherapy and immunotherapy.